From the First Signs of Dementia to Diagnosis: How Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Lewy Body Dementia Progress

Dementia is not a single condition but a broad term for a range of symptoms that affect memory, thinking, and daily function.

Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) each follow a unique path, yet they share early warning signs that can signal cognitive decline.

For caregivers, recognizing the first signs of dementia is essential for early diagnosis, treatment, and long-term care planning.

Kensington Place Redwood City is dedicated to educating and supporting families affected by dementia.

That’s why we hosted an enlightening discussion on the progression, diagnosis, and treatment options for Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Lewy Body Dementia.

The discussion was led by experts, including:

1. Keith N. Fargo, PhD, the Director of Scientific Initiatives at the Lewy Body Dementia Association
2. Connor D. Courtney, PhD of Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Associate Director of Research Programs at the Parkinson’s Foundation
3. Claire Day, Chief Program Officer at the Alzheimer’s Association

Let’s review some practical advice for caregivers, answer common questions, and highlight resources to help families navigate the challenges of dementia care, and how Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and dementia overlap.

Recognizing the first signs of dementia

Dementia does not happen overnight. The first signs often appear subtly and may be mistaken for normal aging or stress.

However, early detection can significantly affect treatment and long-term planning.

Common early signs of dementia

• Memory loss that affects daily life: Forgetting appointments, repeating questions, or struggling to recall recent conversations
• Difficulty planning or problem-solving: Trouble following steps in a recipe, paying bills, or organizing daily tasks
• Confusion with time or place: Losing track of dates, forgetting where they are, or becoming disoriented in familiar places
• Changes in mood or personality: Unexplained mood swings, withdrawal from social activities, or increased irritability
• Misplacing items and losing the ability to retrace steps: Placing objects in unusual locations and struggling to recall where they were left

If your loved one is exhibiting these signs, seeking medical evaluation as soon as possible is important.

Supporting a loved one through the early stages of dementia

Receiving a dementia diagnosis—whether it’s Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease dementia, or Lewy Body Dementia (LBD)—can be overwhelming for both the individual and their family.

The early stages of dementia are a critical time for making important decisions, adapting daily routines, and ensuring that your loved one remains as independent and engaged as possible.

Create a supportive environment

Creating a dementia-friendly environment can help reduce confusion, frustration, and safety risks as cognitive abilities decline.

Some key strategies include:

• Simplify the home
• Establish daily routines
• Use memory aids
• Encourage safe mobility

Communicate effectively

Dementia can impact language and comprehension, making effective communication essential.

Here are some best practices to communicate with your loved one:

• Use simple, clear language
• Give extra time to respond
• Avoid correcting or arguing
• Incorporate nonverbal communication

Encourage engagement and connection

Staying socially and mentally engaged is crucial in the early stages of dementia.

Consider the following:

• Music therapy
• Art and creative activities
• Outdoor time
• Brain exercises

How Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Lewy Body Dementia progress

Understanding how dementia progresses can help caregivers anticipate challenges, plan for the future, and ensure the best quality of life for their loved ones.

Alzheimer’s disease progression

Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia, characterized by gradual cognitive decline.

1. Early stage: Mild memory loss, difficulty finding words, and trouble completing familiar tasks
2. Middle stage: Increased confusion, mood changes, difficulty recognizing loved ones, and wandering
3. Late stage: Severe memory loss, inability to communicate, and dependence on full-time care

Parkinson’s disease and Dementia progression

Parkinson’s primarily affects movement but can lead to dementia in later stages.

1. Early stage: Tremors, slowed movements, and mild cognitive impairment
2. Middle stage: Worsening balance issues, speech difficulties, and increased confusion
3. Late stage: Severe motor impairment, hallucinations, and full-time care needs

Lewy Body Dementia progression

LBD is known for fluctuating cognitive function, visual hallucinations, and Parkinson’s-like symptoms.

1. Early stage: Mild memory problems, sleep disturbances, and vivid hallucinations
2. Middle stage: Increased confusion, balance problems, and more frequent hallucinations
3. Late stage: Severe cognitive decline, difficulty swallowing, and loss of independence

While the progression of each disease varies, early intervention and specialized care can help improve the quality of life and slow the progression of symptoms.

Care and treatment options for Dementia

There is no cure for dementia, but treatment and care strategies can help manage symptoms and provide a better quality of life.

Medication and treatment options

• Leqembi (lecanemab): FDA-approved for early-stage Alzheimer’s, designed to slow cognitive decline
• Cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine): Improve memory and reduce confusion in Alzheimer’s and LBD
• Levodopa: Helps manage movement symptoms in Parkinson’s and LBD
• Melatonin and sleep aids: Assist with sleep disturbances and REM sleep behavior disorder

It’s essential to consult a healthcare provider to ensure the correct medication plan, as some drugs used for other types of dementia can worsen Lewy Body Dementia symptoms.

Non-medical therapies for dementia care

• Cognitive stimulation: Brain exercises, puzzles, and memory therapy can help to slow decline.
• Music & art therapy: These activities enhance emotional well-being and help with communication. Kensington Place Redwood City practices both with our memory care residents.
• Physical & occupational therapy: Specific exercises improve mobility, strength, and independence.
• Sleep & behavior management: Establish a consistent routine to reduce agitation.

While medical treatments play a role, a holistic approach that includes specialized care and lifestyle adjustments is key to managing dementia.

The value of memory care at Kensington Place Redwood City

As dementia progresses, specialized memory care communities like Kensington Place Redwood City provide individuals with the personalized support and environment needed at every stage.

At Kensington Place, we offer:

• Safe & supportive memory care neighborhoods: Designed to reduce confusion and promote resident engagement
• Expert dementia caregivers: Trained in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Lewy Body Dementia care
• Customized nutrition plans: Meals tailored to dietary needs, including soft food options.
• Therapeutic activities: Art, music, and brain-stimulating programs
• Family support & education: Resources and counseling to help families navigate caregiving challenges

Take the next step: contact our team today

Dementia caregiving is a journey filled with challenges and questions.

By understanding the first signs of dementia, treatment options, and specialized care solutions, you can help your loved one live with dignity and comfort.

Let’s walk this journey together, providing the care, support, and understanding your family deserves.

Contact Kensington Place Redwood City to learn more about our memory care community, rehabilitation services, upcoming events, and caregiver resources.